•Agreement: India and China agreed on “patrolling arrangements” to resolve military stand-off at Line of Actual Control (LAC).
•Friction Points: The agreement includes specific areas of concern, notably Demchok and Depsang.
•Galwan Valley Clash: A violent confrontation in June 2020 resulted in the deaths of 20 Indian soldiers and 4 Chinese soldiers.
•Patrolling Halted: Military patrolling ceased in 2020, leading to the establishment of “buffer zones” that restricted normal patrolling routes for both sides.
•Disengagement Process: The Indian government stated that disengagement is just the beginning, requiring further steps like deinduction and demobilization of troops.
•Infrastructure Concerns: China opposed Indian infrastructure projects, particularly a road in the Galwan River Valley, viewing it as a threat to its territorial claim.