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UPSC – CSE Prelims 2024

EASY

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY – GEOMORPHOLOGY

1. Consider the following :

Pyroclastic debris
Ash and dust
Nitrogen compounds
Sulphur compounds

How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(d) All four

Ans. (d)

NCERT Test Geography Class XI: Chp – 3 (Interior of the Earth)

Which of the following gases are released during a volcanic eruption?

1. Nitric Oxide

2. Carbon Dioxide

3. Carbon Monoxide

4. Sulphur dioxide

5. Argon

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

2 & 4 Only

2, 3 & 4 Only

2, 3, 4 & 5 Only

1, 2 ,3 ,4 and 5

Ans. (d)

The material that reaches the ground during a volcanic eruption are lava flows, pyroclastic debris, volcanic bombs, ash and dust and gases such as nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds and minor amounts of chlorine, hydrogen and argon.

Source: NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography (NCERT- Class XI) Chp 3 Interior of the Earth

MEDIUM

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY – GEOMORPHOLOGY

2. Consider the following statements:

Statement-I: Rainfall is one of the reasons for weathering of rocks.

Statement-II: Rain water contains carbon dioxide in solution.

Statement-III: Rain water contains atmospheric oxygen.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct and both of them explain Statement-I

(b) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct, but only one of them explains Statement-I

(d) Neither Statement-II nor Statement-III is correct

Ans. (a)

Rain is due to condensation of water droplets in the atmosphere. It does not contain any dissolved salts like ordinary water. Therefore rain water can dissolve more amount of oxygen than ordinary water. Moreover rain water is in contact with atmospheric air. Hence, it contains more percentage of oxygen.

Chemical weathering describes the process of chemicals in rainwater making changes to the minerals in a rock. Carbon dioxide from the air is dissolved in rainwater, making it slightly acidic. A reaction can occur when the rainwater comes into contact with minerals in the rock, causing weathering.

MEDIUM

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY – GEOMORPHOLOGY

3. Consider the following information:

	Region	Name of the mountain range	Type of mountain
1.	Central Asia	Vosges	Fold mountain
2.	Europe	Alps	Block mountain
3.	North America	Appalachian	Fold mountain
4.	South America	Andes	Fold mountain

In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(d) All four

Ans. (b)

	Region	Name of the mountain range	Type of mountain
1.	Europe	Vosges	Block mountain
2.	Europe	Alps	Fold mountain
3.	North America	Appalachian	Fold mountain
4.	South America	Andes	Fold mountain

NCERT Test Geography Class VI : Chp – 6 (Major Landforms of the Earth)

Consider the following statements:

1. The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain are examples of the fold mountain system.

2. Horsts and graben is landform feature of the block mountain.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (b)

The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain are examples of block mountain system.

There are three types of mountains-

I. Fold Mountains:

The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps are young fold mountains with rugged relief and high conical peaks.
The Aravali range in India is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world. The range has considerably worn down due to the processes of erosion.
The Appalachians in North America and the Ural mountains in Russia have rounded features and low elevation. They are very old fold mountains.

II. Block Mountains

The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe are examples of block mountains

III. Volcanic Mountains.

Mt.Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt.Fujiyama in Japan are examples of volcanic mountains

Source: Geography NCERT Class VI : Chp – 6 (Major Landforms of the Earth)

UPSC – CSE Prelims 2023

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY – GEOMORPHOLOGY

1. Consider the following statements:

In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves.
In P waves, the individual particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of wave propagation whereas in S waves, the particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of wave propagation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer : (c)

Explanation: Both statements are correct.

P waves (Primary waves) are the fastest kind of seismic wave and the first to arrive at seismographs during an earthquake, hence the name “Primary”. They are followed by S waves (Secondary waves), which are slower and arrive after the P waves.

P waves are compressional or longitudinal waves, meaning the ground particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave propagation. In contrast, S waves are shear or transverse waves, causing the ground particles to vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (up and down or side to side).

So the Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2 are correct.